
My study challenges the dominance of static, top-down urban planning, particularly in heritage sites. I argue that heritage is continually produced and transformed through the everyday practices of inhabitants rather than framed by external authorities. Using a mixed-method study of Indonesian old cities, I examine tensions between formal planning and lived urban experience. I propose understanding heritage planning as a dynamic process of negotiation, where power, boundaries, and values are continuously reshaped through everyday social, spatial, and material interactions.