Hayati Sari Hasibuan, Rudy P. Tambunan, Mari Mulyani, Bellanti Nur Elizandri, and Farha Widya Asrofani
Urban sprawl in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area, driven by gentrification processes, has intensified the need for Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) areas that integrate mixed-use development to reduce dependence on private vehicle commuting and address sustainability challenges. However, existing government guidelines for TOD implementation do not adequately reflect commuters’ socio-economic conditions and preferences.
This study proposes reforms in spatial mixed-use design within Jakarta’s TOD areas using a Design Thinking methodological approach to better accommodate commuter needs. Data were collected from 1,697 respondents and complemented by field observations in four TOD zones across urban and suburban contexts within the metropolitan area. A multimethod analysis—combining regression, weighting, descriptive, and spatial analysis—was employed.
The findings indicate that middle-class working female commuters with complex social roles, long travel distances, and high commuting expenses are the primary group requiring mixed-use TOD housing. Key design priorities include affordability, accessibility, facility completeness, and a strong emphasis on Green Open Space (GOS). The proposed reform advocates affordable rental housing models and gender-inclusive accessibility frameworks. Overall, substantial reforms are needed in TOD mixed-use design guidelines, differentiating between urban and suburban contexts and prioritizing inclusive and sustainable spatial planning principles.
